The Agent Paradox: Can Multi-Agent Systems Replicate the Complexity of Human Cognition and Social Behavior?

Recent advancements in multi-agent systems have sparked a rapidly growing research area focused on simulating increasingly complex human behaviors-group consensus, implicit bias, and, in some cases, even cooperation or conflict. Yet, these systems exist in a paradox: they are computational and artificial, entirely lacking the intrinsic consciousness, emotions, and social intuition that define human individuals and societies. In this keynote, I will explore the evolving relationship between AI agents and human behavior, drawing on large-scale generative agent experiments, studies on bias in multi-agent interactions, and insights into misinformation and group behavior. I will also discuss the broader implications of these systems-not only for the future of AI but also for human-centered disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and ethics, where they can challenge or facilitate our understanding of intelligence, agency, and collective decisionmaking.